432 Hz vs 440 Hz
Concert pitch is the frequency of the A above middle C. The international standard, ISO 16, sets it at 440 Hz. 432 Hz lowers that A by about 1.8%, or 32 cents.
Before standardization, orchestras tuned anywhere from below 420 Hz to above 450 Hz, so neither number is the only “natural” one. 432 Hz is simply a slightly lower, softer-sounding choice.
| 432 Hz | 440 Hz | |
|---|---|---|
| Status | Alternative tuning | International standard (ISO 16) |
| Sound | Slightly lower, often called warmer | Standard, slightly brighter |
| Common use | Relaxation, meditation and sleep | Almost all modern music |
Is 432 Hz better for relaxation?
It comes down to preference. A small 2019 pilot study by Calamassi and Pomponi found slightly lower heart rates when people listened to music tuned to 432 Hz instead of 440 Hz, but it was a small study and more research is needed.
The simplest test is your own ears: play 432 Hz below and notice how you feel.
How to use 432 Hz
- For focus, play it quietly in the background while you work.
- For winding down, dim the lights and let it run for 30 minutes before bed.
- For sleep, set Auto-stop so it fades out after you drift off.